Thermal Performance Improvement of Refrigeration Systems Through Nanoparticle-Enhanced Refrigerants and PCM Integration in Condensers

The growing demand for energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable refrigeration systems has driven significant research into advanced heat transfer enhancement techniques. This study explores the integration of nanoparticle-enhanced refrigerants and phase change materials (PCMs) within the condenser component of a vapor compression refrigeration system. Specifically, nanoparticles of CuO, SiO₂, and MnO₂ were dispersed in the base refrigerant R134a to assess their impact on thermal performance. Additionally, PCMs were employed in the condenser unit to improve heat storage and dissipation characteristics. Experiments were conducted using a mini ice cream plant setup with varying capillary tube lengths (48″, 52″, 54″) and different nano-refrigerant compositions. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the coefficient of performance (COP), with CuO–R134a mixtures yielding the highest thermal efficiency. The combined use of nanofluids and PCMs effectively enhanced heat transfer, reduced energy consumption, and improved system stability. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid thermal enhancement strategies for advancing next-generation refrigeration technologies.