Indoor Air Quality Management Using Hydroponic Systems: A Survey Paper

Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly impacts human health, with pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contributing to respiratory and other diseases. Traditional methods of improving IAQ, such as air purifiers, can be costly and energy intensive. This paper explores an innovative solution combining hydroponics and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to improve IAQ. Using an ESP32 S3 microcontroller, the system integrates sensors to monitor CO2 levels, temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors, while controlling actuators like LED grow lights and nutrient pumps for hydroponic plants known for their air-purifying properties. Real-time data from these sensors allows for adaptive control, ensuring optimal plant growth and pollutant reduction. Initial results show significant reductions in CO2 levels, suggesting that this IoT-integrated hydroponic system is a cost-effective and sustainable method to enhance IAQ. The approach has potential for smart home integration and broader applications in urban air quality management.