Photovoltaic Farm Power Generation Forecast Using Photovoltaic Battery Model with Machine Learning Capabilities

This study presents a machine learning-based photovoltaic (PV) model for energy management and planning in a microgrid with a battery system. Microgrids integrating PV face challenges such as solar irradiance variability, temperature fluctuations, and intermittent generation, which impact grid stability and battery storage efficiency. Existing models often lack predictive accuracy, computational efficiency, and adaptability to changing environmental conditions. To address these limitations, the proposed model integrates an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) prediction algorithm, utilizing historical temperature and irradiance data for accurate and efficient forecasting. Simulation results demonstrate high prediction accuracies of 95.10% for temperature and 98.06% for irradiance on dataset-1, significantly reducing computational demands and outperforming conventional prediction techniques. The model further uses ANFIS outputs to estimate PV generation and optimize battery state of charge (SoC), achieving a consistent minimal SoC reduction of about 0.88% (from 80% to 79.12%) over four different battery types over a seven-day charge–discharge cycle, providing up to 11 h of battery autonomy under specified load conditions. Further validation with four other distinct datasets confirms the ANFIS network’s robustness and superior ability to handle complex data variations with consistent accuracy, making it a valuable tool for improving microgrid stability, energy storage utilization, and overall system reliability. Overall, ANFIS outperforms other models (like curve fittings, ANN, Stacked-LSTM, RF, XGBoost, GBoostM, Ensemble, LGBoost, CatBoost, CNN-LSTM, and MOSMA-SVM) with an average accuracy of 98.65%, and a 0.45 RMSE value on temperature predictions, while maintaining 98.18% accuracy, and a 31.98 RMSE value on irradiance predictions across all five datasets. The lowest average computational time of 17.99s was achieved with the ANFIS model across all the datasets compared to other models.