Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: Early Mortality Predictors

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening emergency with persistently high inhospital mortality despite advancements in surgical management. This review synthesizes evidence from national and international multicenter studies and registries from the past decade to identify and classify major mortality predictors. Individual risk factors are then examined in greater detail, incorporating additional insights from single-center studies. Significant mortality predictors include advanced age, preoperative malperfusion syndromes, hemodynamic instability (shock, hypotension, cardiac tamponade), and reduced left ventricular function. While comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and prior cardiac surgery may influence outcomes, their impact varies across studies. These findings underscore the importance of early recognition and tailored perioperative management for high-risk patients. Future research should focus on refining predictive models to optimize treatment strategies and improve survival outcomes.