Research on a Sand-Carrying Model of Horizontal Sections of Deep Coalbed Methane Wells

Deep coalbed methane wells often encounter challenges such as inefficient sand transport and sand accumulation in the horizontal sections during drainage, which significantly impact the stability of gas production and the efficiency of the gas lift system. To investigate the sand-carrying mechanisms in the horizontal sections of deep coalbed methane wells, this study develops a theoretical model for critical sand-carrying velocity based on gravitational, buoyant, drag, and pressure gradient forces. Additionally, a visualized experimental system was constructed using a multiphase pipe flow platform. By varying parameters such as liquid flow rate, gas–liquid ratio, gravel particle size, and pipe inclination, the critical conditions for sand transport were examined, and the dominant factors influencing sand transport in horizontal wellbore sections were identified. The experimental results indicate that water flow rate and particle size are inversely correlated with the gas volume required for sand transport, whereas inclination angle is positively correlated. The proposed model was validated against experimental data, showing a prediction error within 15%, thereby confirming its accuracy and engineering applicability. These findings offer theoretical guidance and technical references for efficient drainage and stable gas production in horizontal wellbore sections of deep coalbed methane wells.