Emotional State Assessment and Related Risk Factors Screening in Health Management: A Case–Control Study

Abstract Background: Rapid economic development and increased life pressures have led to a surge in the prevalence of anxiety and depression in China, particularly among adults. Despite their impact on cognitive and physical function, there has been limited research on these conditions in healthy individuals during routine health checkups. This study aimed to explore the emotional state and its influencing factors among healthy individuals without confirmed mental illness, highlighting the significance of incorporating emotional health screening into routine health management practices. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of physical examination and questionnaire survey data from 1,758 individuals in a large state-owned enterprise collected between February 1, 2023, and April 30, 2023. The possible confounding factors of the case group and the control group were matched by propensity score according to a ratio of 1:1. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, medical history, and psychological assessment data were analyzed, and risk factors for anxiety and depression were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in this study population was 14.39% and 24.40%, respectively. Comparisons between the case and control groups revealed statistically significant differences in several factors, including education level, marital status, daily activity time, sleep quality, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, number of outpatient visits in the past year, frequency of tea consumption, and tea-making habits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for anxiety and depression: short sleep duration, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and regular tea consumption. In contrast, engaging in 1–3 h of physical activity per day was found to be a protective factor against anxiety and depression. Conclusion: In the current fast-paced social environment, employees of large enterprises often face high-intensity work pressures and complex workplace challenges. Anxiety and depression were common in the healthy groups, with no confirmed records of mental illness. Screening for these conditions in routine physical examinations can facilitate the early detection, treatment, and intervention of related risk factors. Such measures may alleviate symptoms, improve chronic disease management, and enhance overall quality of life.