InfraFix: Technology-Agnostic Repair of Infrastructure as Code

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) enables scalable and automated IT infrastructure management but is prone to errors that can lead to security vulnerabilities, outages, and data loss. While prior research has focused on detecting IaC issues, Automated Program Repair (APR) remains underexplored, largely due to the lack of suitable specifications. In this work, we propose InfraFix, the first technology-agnostic framework for repairing IaC scripts. Unlike prior approaches, InfraFix allows APR techniques to be guided by diverse information sources. Additionally, we introduce a novel approach for generating repair scenarios, enabling large-scale evaluation of APR techniques for IaC. We implement and evaluate InfraFix using an SMT-based repair module and a state inference module that uses system calls, demonstrating its effectiveness across 254,288 repair scenarios with a success rate of 95.7%. Our work provides a foundation for advancing APR in IaC by enabling researchers to experiment with new state inference and repair techniques using InfraFix and to evaluate their approaches at scale with our repair scenario generation method.

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Publication Details

Published
2025-06-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1145/3713081.3731735
Primary Topic
Software Engineering Research
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article
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article

InfraFix: Technology-Agnostic Repair of Infrastructure as Code

João F. Ferreira, Nuno Saavedra, Alexandra Mendes
Software Engineering Research
article

InfraFix: Technology-Agnostic Repair of Infrastructure as Code

João F. Ferreira, Nuno Saavedra, Alexandra Mendes
article en

Abstract

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) enables scalable and automated IT infrastructure management but is prone to errors that can lead to security vulnerabilities, outages, and data loss. While prior research has focused on detecting IaC issues, Automated Program Repair (APR) remains underexplored, largely due to the lack of suitable specifications. In this work, we propose InfraFix, the first technology-agnostic framework for repairing IaC scripts. Unlike prior approaches, InfraFix allows APR techniques to be guided by diverse information sources. Additionally, we introduce a novel approach for generating repair scenarios, enabling large-scale evaluation of APR techniques for IaC. We implement and evaluate InfraFix using an SMT-based repair module and a state inference module that uses system calls, demonstrating its effectiveness across 254,288 repair scenarios with a success rate of 95.7%. Our work provides a foundation for advancing APR in IaC by enabling researchers to experiment with new state inference and repair techniques using InfraFix and to evaluate their approaches at scale with our repair scenario generation method.

Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento (PT), University of Lisbon (PT), Universidade do Porto (PT), Universidade Politécnica de Lisboa (PT), INESC TEC (PT)
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 82%
Software Engineering Research
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InfraFix: Technology-Agnostic Repair of Infrastructure as Code — João F. Ferreira, Nuno Saavedra, et al. · (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS