Histórico, evolução e aplicações dos canabinoides na medicina veterinária: da tradição ao uso terapêutico moderno

The use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine has gained increasing attention due to their therapeutic potential in treating various clinical conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, behavioral disorders and inflammatory diseases. This study aims to examine the evolution of cannabinoid use in veterinary medicine by exploring their mechanisms of action, therapeutic benefits, regulatory challenges, and future prospects. A narrative literature review was conducted, with a bibliographic search performed on the SciELO, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases using combinations of terms such as "Cannabinoids veterinary use," "Cannabis in veterinary medicine," and "Cannabinoid safety in animals." Study selection included publications from up to 2024, encompassing the most recent research on the topic. The analysis adopted a descriptive approach, organizing evidence into key thematic areas: the historical development of the use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine, pharmacological mechanisms, the most extensively studied therapeutic applications, and associated legal and ethical challenges. Research indicates that cannabidiol (CBD) possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties, making it a promising option for managing a variety of conditions. However, the absence of specific regulations for veterinary use, along with the need for more rigorous clinical studies, presents obstacles to its broader implementation. Additionally, the safety and dosage of cannabinoids vary by species and condition, necessitating careful assessment by veterinary professionals. Given the growing interest and the progressive legalization in some countries, further research is essential to establish safe and effective therapeutic protocols that promote animal welfare and expand treatment options in veterinary practice.