Mitigating spurious currents at the three phase interfaces in pseudo-potential lattice boltzmann simulations of contact angles via equations of state and forcing schemes

Abstract Thermodynamic inconsistency, manifesting as large spurious currents near three-phase interfaces, remains a significant challenge in pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann simulations of contact angles. Previous solutions have primarily involved equations of state (EOSs) and forcing schemes. This work examines the incorporation of diverse EOSs and forcing schemes into a single-component multiphase lattice Boltzmann model. A thorough evaluation of phase separation in these nonideal single-component systems is provided through a comparison of numerical simulation outcomes of spurious currents. The findings provide critical guidance for optimizing EOS and forcing scheme selection to minimize spurious currents in wet surface LB simulations.