A MIMO Antenna Design with Modified $\pi$-Shaped Monopoles for Sub 6 GHz Cellular Communications

This study introduces a new MIMO antenna design optimized for sub-6 GHz cellular applications. The configuration employs monopole resonators, which are known for their capability to support wide impedance bandwidths and deliver stable radiation characteristics. In this design, eight compact <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\pi\text{-shaped}$</tex> monopole elements are integrated within a space-efficient layout to facilitate multi-channel operation while minimizing mutual coupling between the elements. The antenna demonstrates effective performance within the 3.2 to 3.8 GHz frequency band, achieving good impedance matching, high radiation efficiency, and stable radiation patterns. These features highlight its suitability for sub-6 GHz cellular applications.