A Compact Phased Array Smartphone Antenna with SWB Resonators for MM-Wave 5G/6G Networks

This paper investigates the performance and structural characteristics of a planar array antenna incorporating low-profile, super-wide-band (SWB) resonators, specifically optimized for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) cellular systems, including 5G and prospective 6G networks. The proposed design comprises eight arrow-ring loop resonators with discrete feeding, configured in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1\times 8$</tex> linear arrangement on the top layer of a smartphone motherboard. It demonstrates extensive frequency coverage ranging from 27 GHz to 45 GHz, maintaining a reflection coefficient below −10 dB across this range, thereby encompassing several critical bands allocated for 5G and future 6G operations. In addition to the streamlined design methodology, the paper emphasizes key radiation characteristics of the phased array antenna that meet the diverse, high-performance demands of emerging wireless communication technologies.