Barriers to women’s empowerment in India’s informal sector: structural and socio-economic constraints

This study explores the role of women in informal employment, emphasizing their economic contributions, challenges, and policy implications. The objective is to assess the structural and socio-economic factors influencing women's participation in informal labour markets. Using a mixed-method approach, the study employs qualitative and quantitative data to analyze wage disparities, job security, and social protection measures. Findings indicate that women in informal employment face significant income insecurity, lack of legal protection, and limited access to social benefits, exacerbating gender inequalities. The study highlights the necessity of targeted policies that promote financial inclusion, legal support, and skill development to enhance women's economic empowerment. Policymakers are urged to implement gender-responsive labour policies and strengthen informal sector regulations to improve working conditions. This research contributes to the broader discourse on informal labour markets by offering evidence-based recommendations to bridge gender gaps and ensure sustainable livelihoods for women engaged in informal employment.