Integrating space, sustainability, and regionalism as a framework for cooperative space programmes

This paper introduces and analyses a novel framework composed of Space, Sustainability, and Regionalism (SSR), examining its relevance to space policy. The SSR framework is presented as a triangular model—an analytical construct that captures the interplay between space, sustainability, and regionalism, and enables systematic comparison of regional approaches. The paper validates the framework as a strategic model with examples from European space programmes, such as Galileo and Copernicus, demonstrating how regional cooperation can promote sustainability and technological ambition in space. Although recent geopolitical developments catalysed the adoption of a first EU Space Strategy for Security and Defence, this step outside the traditional civilian domain remains aimed at peaceful purposes and consistent with SSR principles. These shifts in power dynamics and strategic thinking reinforce the value of a normative basis for space policy that prioritises cooperation and sustainability. • Integrated approach to space policy, sustainability, and regional cooperation (SSR). • Validation of a SSR framework through European space programme analysis. • Novel SSR framework advances cooperative, sustainable space policy. • Strategic importance of SSR in shaping EU space policy. • Impact of geopolitical shifts on space governance in Europe.