Torsion at the threshold for mapping class groups
The mapping class group <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Gamma _g^1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of a closed orientable surface of genus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g greater-than-or-equal-to 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g \geq 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with one marked point can be identified, by the Nielsen action, with a subgroup of the group of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of the circle. This inclusion pulls back the powers of the discrete universal Euler class producing classes <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E Superscript n Baseline element-of upper H Superscript 2 n Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1 Baseline semicolon double-struck upper Z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E^n \in H^{2n}(\Gamma _g^1;\mathbb {Z})</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> for all <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n greater-than-or-equal-to 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\geq 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . In this paper we study the power <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n equals g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n=g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , and prove: <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E Superscript g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E^g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is a torsion class which generates a cyclic subgroup of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript 2 g Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1 Baseline semicolon double-struck upper Z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^{2g}(\Gamma _g^1; \mathbb Z)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> whose order is a positive integer multiple of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="4 g left-parenthesis 2 g plus 1 right-parenthesis left-parenthesis 2 g minus 1 right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">4g(2g+1)(2g-1)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> .
Authors
- Solomon M. Jekel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1813-8377)
- Rita Jiménez Rolland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-928X)
Institutions
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (MX)
- Northeastern University (US)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (MX)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
- Published
- 2025-06-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/9491
- Primary Topic
- Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México