Torsion at the threshold for mapping class groups

The mapping class group <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Gamma _g^1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of a closed orientable surface of genus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g greater-than-or-equal-to 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g \geq 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with one marked point can be identified, by the Nielsen action, with a subgroup of the group of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of the circle. This inclusion pulls back the powers of the discrete universal Euler class producing classes <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E Superscript n Baseline element-of upper H Superscript 2 n Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1 Baseline semicolon double-struck upper Z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E^n \in H^{2n}(\Gamma _g^1;\mathbb {Z})</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> for all <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n greater-than-or-equal-to 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\geq 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . In this paper we study the power <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n equals g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n=g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , and prove: <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E Superscript g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E^g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is a torsion class which generates a cyclic subgroup of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript 2 g Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1 Baseline semicolon double-struck upper Z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^{2g}(\Gamma _g^1; \mathbb Z)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> whose order is a positive integer multiple of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="4 g left-parenthesis 2 g plus 1 right-parenthesis left-parenthesis 2 g minus 1 right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">4g(2g+1)(2g-1)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> .

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Journal
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Published
2025-06-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/9491
Primary Topic
Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
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article
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article

Torsion at the threshold for mapping class groups

Solomon M. Jekel, Rita Jiménez Rolland
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
article

Torsion at the threshold for mapping class groups

Solomon M. Jekel, Rita Jiménez Rolland
article en

Abstract

The mapping class group <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Gamma _g^1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of a closed orientable surface of genus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g greater-than-or-equal-to 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g \geq 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with one marked point can be identified, by the Nielsen action, with a subgroup of the group of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of the circle. This inclusion pulls back the powers of the discrete universal Euler class producing classes <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E Superscript n Baseline element-of upper H Superscript 2 n Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1 Baseline semicolon double-struck upper Z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E^n \in H^{2n}(\Gamma _g^1;\mathbb {Z})</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> for all <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n greater-than-or-equal-to 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\geq 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . In this paper we study the power <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n equals g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n=g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , and prove: <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper E Superscript g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E^g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is a torsion class which generates a cyclic subgroup of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript 2 g Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Gamma Subscript g Superscript 1 Baseline semicolon double-struck upper Z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Γ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>;</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^{2g}(\Gamma _g^1; \mathbb Z)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> whose order is a positive integer multiple of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="4 g left-parenthesis 2 g plus 1 right-parenthesis left-parenthesis 2 g minus 1 right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">4g(2g+1)(2g-1)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> .

Transactions of the American Mathematical SocietyVol. 378(12)
Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (MX), Northeastern University (US), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX), Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (MX)
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Openalex Percentile: Top 81%
Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
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