Severe byssinosis with Cor pulmonale and pulmonary arterial hypertension-textile industry: A case report

Byssinosis is an occupational respiratory disease caused by prolonged exposure to cotton dust. It is a significant health concern in the textile industry, particularly in developing countries, and may lead to severe complications if undiagnosed and untreated. We report the case of a 47-year-old Indian male textile worker with advanced Byssinosis, presenting with progressive breathlessness, wheezing, and a two-year history of Cor-Pulmonale and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Clinical findings included clubbing, bilateral pedal edema, and oxygen desaturation (75%). Treatment involved oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and supportive care, with significant symptomatic improvement. This case discusses the severe consequences of chronic Byssinosis due to prolonged occupational exposure. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and preventive strategies, such as personal protective equipment and workplace safety regulations, to mitigate disease progression. Effective management of Byssinosis requires a multifaceted approach to occupational health. Strong preventive measures, early and accurate diagnosis, and evidence-based treatments are essential, particularly in the textile industry. ● Byssinosis is a chronic occupational lung disease caused by prolonged cotton dust exposure. ● A severe case with complications like cor pulmonale, PAH, and bronchiectasis is presented. ● Oxygen therapy and multidisciplinary care improved the patient's respiratory condition. ● Early detection, Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) use, and vaccination are crucial in preventing disease progression. ● Occupational safety reforms are needed to reduce byssinosis burden in textile workers.