Very early secondary acute myeloid leukemia in an adolescent patient with Ewing sarcoma of the sacrum: A case report and review of the literature

Treatment-related malignant neoplasms can darken the prognosis of a cancer patient. The previous chemotherapy load renders treatment challenging, especially when the second neoplasm develops shortly after the first one. We report the case of a 17-year-old male with Ewing sarcoma (ES) who developed what appeared to be treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia 2 months after the end of ES treatment and recurrence of ES during treatment of leukemia. We discuss the different therapeutic options considered. • Very early secondary acute myeloid leukemia in a pediatric patient with Ewing sarcoma of the sacrum: A case report and review of the literature • -Secondary neoplasms darken the prognosis of cancer patient • -This darkening is worst when the second neoplasm is developed shortly after the first one • -Treatment options are commonly limited in secondary neoplasms