Implementation of Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory and Convolutional Neural Network in Detecting Hoax Content on Social Media

The advancement of internet technology has facilitated the spread of information, including false information or fake news. The dissemination of hoaxes on social media, such as Twitter, can cause confusion and negatively impact society. This study aims to implement a hybrid model that combines Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for hoax detection. The dataset used consists of English tweets containing both real and fake news, collected between 2020 and 2022, as provided by the TruthSeeker dataset. The model utilizes an embedding layer with word2vec, a Conv1D layer, and a BiLSTM layer to effectively capture temporal and spatial patterns in text data. Additionally, experiments were conducted by varying the number of BiLSTM units and CNN filters to analyze their impact on model performance. After conducting parameter experiments, the best results were achieved using a Conv1D layer with 64 filters and a BiLSTM layer with 64 neurons/units. The evaluation results on the test data indicate an accuracy of 96.14%, a precision of 96%, a recall of 96.25%, and an F1-score of 96%. These results demonstrate the model's high capability in accurately detecting hoaxes, which is significant for combating misinformation on social media. With its strong performance, the model has potential applications in real-time content moderation systems, early hoax detection tools, and digital literacy platforms to help reduce the spread of false information.