Review of Memory and Landscape: Indigenous Responses to a Changing North by Kenneth L. Pratt and Scott A. Heyes (eds)

Memory and Landscape: Indigenous responses to a changing North is a compilation of papers and stories based on authors' experiences and research conducted in the circumpolar North.The authors collected information from myriad sources: Indigenous narratives, maps, photos, archives, geology, geography, archaeology, and anthropology.They then created a personal, visual and spatial connection with the land and its peoples with over 100 photos, 60 maps, dozens of drawings, figures, and tables.These richly illustrated papers ensure that regardless of the reader, they connect at some level with the authors' findings.Memory and landscape: Indigenous responses to a changing North comprises an Introduction, a Note on Orthography and Terminology, and by three parts, Part 1: Indigenous History and Identity, Part 2: Forces of Change, and Part 3: Knowing the Land.Each part includes a specific Perspective written in verse, art, or prose by an Indigenous writer.The four chapters in each Part cover a broad spectrum of northern Indigenous topics.The Note on Orthography and Terminology discusses the different terminology used in the USA and in Canada.More importantly, the terminology in the text was chosen by Indigenous peoples, e.g., Dene is now preferred over Athabascan.The section clearly illustrates the language found in Canada, United States, Denmark and Russia (four of the Arctic countries included in the book) in reference to Indigenous peoples.The Perspectives written by Indigenous authors set the context for the subsequent chapters in each Part.The Perspectives, arguably are more effective than the academic articles in sharing first person accounts of the Arctic way of life.The first Perspective, written by Vinnie Baron and Felix St-Aubin share information on the life of Indigenous people in Kangsiluajik throughout the seasons.The second Perspective, illustrated and written by Apay'u Moore, discusses the challenges of finding identity through tradition, and finally Evon Peter's perspective 'Diitsii Diitsuu najjj Gooveenjit -For Our Ancestors', is written in the memory of his grandfather, Steven Tsee Gho' Tsyatsal Peter Sr., one of the last people in that community to follow a nomadic life.Peter is learning the Gwich'en language, lost through residential schools, to more fully understand the perspectives and worldview of his people.The chapters in Indigenous History and Identity use "conjunctive methodologies".The first understands shkalneek (history) narratives describing the migration of an Athabascan Ahtna clan from the Copper River to Yakutat Bay on the Gulf of Alaska coast.The oral history narrations are compared with archaeological evidence from Tlakw.aan.The results corroborates a 500 year-old factual story with Western research methodologies in geology and archeological.The second paper, Nagy's "Inuvialuit Ethnonyms and Toponyms as a Reflection of Identity, Language and Memory", considers the work that went into the land claim of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region through understanding the three Inuvialuit linguistic groups: Siglit, Uummarmiut and Kangiryuarmiut.Elders were brought back to the land, the places they lived in their youth, to document ethnonyms and toponyms.The compiled stories explained the origins of the Inuvialuit people, the seasonal use of the areas, and more recent migrations.Similarly, Drozda in chapter 3 focusses on Nunivak Island, located in the Bering Sea area.It has the most complex linguistics in the Arctic regions due not to isolation (as was previously thought)