Nanotechnology: a promising technology in sustainable agriculture

Agriculture serves as a foundation for the developing countries. In the current scenario, ever-rising urbanization, unpredictable climatic change and rapidly increasing population have resulted in declining agricultural productivity. To overcome such problems, nanobiotechnology could revolutionize food industry and agriculture. Nanotechnology can play a vital role in global food security, food production and food safety. Green synthesis of nanomaterials introduced advanced precision farming techniques, detection and control of plant diseases, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients. This review highlights the potential of biosynthesized nanoparticles produced via eco-friendly methods using plants, microbes, and other biological sources. These biosynthesized nanoparticles provide sustainable alternatives to conventional physical and chemical synthesis methods, which often generate toxic waste. Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, such as nanosensors, nanofertilizers, and nanopesticides, enhance crop yield, soil health, and resource efficiency. Thus, the study focuses on the present concerns of sustainability, food security, climate change and other problems of traditional agriculture that could be solved and revolutionised by implementing nanotechnology.