Further aporias in linguistics

<ns3:p>This article addresses the methodological and conceptual difficulties related to the fundamental linguistic terms sign and text, as well as the associated (meta)linguistic concepts. The root cause of these difficulties lies in the exclusion of real transcendental relations from current linguistic paradigms. The realism of these relations pertains to the structure of being in both intrapersonal and transpersonal aspects. Their absence leads to reductionism in contemporary linguistic modeling. Specifically, the subject matter of linguistics – individuals, along with their essential and accidental properties – undergoes reduction.The causes of this situation can be traced to positivism, phenomenology, and analytic philosophy, although the origins of linguistic reductionism extend to monism and dualism.</ns3:p>