Ideological Struggle in The Principle of Material Legality of the New Indonesian Criminal Code and its Future

This article emerged from the authors’ hypothesis that the principle of legality in the new Indonesian criminal code is hard to conduct because it should refer to 4 groundworks, namely Pancasila, UUD NRI 45, human rights, and the general principles of law. To prove this hypothesis, the authors use the theory of ideology to analyze the battle of values, ideas, and motives in the four. Based on the authors’ reading, the new Indonesian criminal code has expanded the principle of legality into two, namely, the principle of formal and material legality. In the next one, the authors found an ideological struggle in the principle of material legality of the new Indonesian criminal code, which includes the struggle of personal, political, and legal policy ideologies. So, the principle of material legality is challenging to enact because the competing ideologies negate each other. Finally, the authors recommend that the principle of legality be enforced by allowing power-sharing in legal jurisdiction between the Indonesian government and Indigenous law people.