DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES OF WATER SUPPLY FOR SMALL SETTLEMENTS

This article discusses the problem of providing drinking water to small settlements on the example of the village of Shatyrbai, located in the Zhetysu region of Kazakhstan. The problems of water supply in small settlements are caused by a number of environmental, social, economic and technical factors, such as climate change, lack of resources, poor water quality, worn-out infrastructure and others. In almost all small settlements, aboveground water sources are used to meet the needs of the population, the quality of which is deteriorating every year. In conditions of insufficient surface water quality, the authors propose a transition to the use of underground sources, which are characterized by a more stable composition and natural filtration. The advantages and limitations of using groundwater as an alternative source of providing the population with high-quality water are analyzed. The main task of the study is related to the purification of groundwater. The authors present a block-modular water treatment system (BMSV) as an effective solution for the treatment of groundwater to make it suitable for consumption. This technological scheme consists of stages of coarse purification, aeration, filtration, clarification, demineralization and ultraviolet disinfection of water. Expected results include reduced turbidity, reduced nitrate and iron concentrations, and reduced water hardness, making groundwater suitable for consumption. According to the results of the analysis of the source and purified water, it is shown that the use of this system makes it possible to effectively reduce the concentrations of pollutants to sanitary and epidemiological standards, ensuring the safety of water for drinking and household needs. The proposed water treatment system is adapted to the characteristics of groundwater in this region and is an economically feasible solution for remote settlements.