IMPROVING METHODS OF GEODETIC MONITORING OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES USING THE EXAMPLE OF KAPSHAGAY HPP

This article provides recommendations for enhancing geodetic monitoring methods for deformation processes at the Kapshagay Hydroelectric Power Station (HPP), a key component of Kazakhstan's energy infrastructure. In this context, improved methodology for geodetic surveys incorporating modern measurement instruments is proposed. The article explores various methods and approaches to geodetic monitoring of hydraulic structures at the HPP, with a particular focus on leveling and cross-section measurements. These techniques are essential for analyzing sedimentation and displacement, ensuring high accuracy in determining changes in plan-height coordinates. The paper details geodetic network utilized, which includes fundamental rock benchmarks, soil marks, and forced centering points, along with the measurement techniques applied. Additionally, key aspects of instrumental surveys - such as ultrasonic testing and ground-penetrating radar - are examined, as these technologies aid in detecting hidden defects and enhancing structural safety. The study confirms that leveling and cross-sectional measurements enable reliable monitoring of both vertical and horizontal deformations. Furthermore, integration of fundamental rock benchmarks, soil marks, and forced centering points ensures a high level of measurement accuracy while minimizing errors. The novelty of the proposed methods and means of monitoring are confirmed by Patents and Author's Certificates of the Republic of Kazakhstan.