Awareness and Knowledge for Risk Factors, Screening, Control of GDM and its Effect among Pregnant Women Visiting Gynae Outpatient Department at Tertiary Care Hospital Bahawalpur

This study explores the disparities observed in knowledge and awareness of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women attending a military hospital. Objective: To determine the awareness and knowledge on GDM among pregnant mothers during antenatal visit, to identify factors that can influence such knowledge (demographics) population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tertiary Care Hospital Bahawalpur during November 24, 2022 till June 23, 2023. The data were collected via face to face interview employing a pretested structured questionnaire and it aimed the risk factors of GDM, history and lifestyle with regard to GDM screening/management. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square tests and ANOVA to investigate associations among demographic variables with knowledge of GDM. Results: Total 196 pregnant women were selected. The pre-pregnancy, mean BMI was 25.00 ± 4.384, mean age was 31.42 ± 8.215 years, and the average fasting glucose level was 96.71 mg/dL (SD = 15.588). Significant associations were found between family history and GDM knowledge (p = 0.004), as well as previous history of GDM and screening awareness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There was a notable gap in GDM knowledge among pregnant females, influenced by demographic factors. Enhanced targeted educational programs are necessary to improve awareness and management of GDM.