Level of awareness on energy conservation and integrated energy services among residents in China

Abstract Integrated Energy Services (IES) provides consumers with energy services through combining multiple energy sources and optimization of energy use. The aim of this study is to evaluate Chinese residents’ awareness on conventional energy and IES. A questionnaire survey was distributed to 450 residents in China, collecting social demographic information and their level of awareness regarding energy conservation and the benefits of IES. Descriptive analysis was conducted to summarize the data. Meanwhile, Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis were used to examine significant differences in awareness levels among various demographic groups. The results indicated that most residents agreed on the disadvantages of conventional energy and the advantages of IES but expressed uncertainty or hesitation regarding whether IES can reduce dependence on conventional energy. Mann-Whitney U-test results showed no significant difference in the level of awareness related to energy conservation and the benefits of IES between males and females, and according to marital status (p>0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed significant differences were found among different ages, occupation types, monthly salary, and educational levels (p<0.05). Young people prioritize environmental concerns, while middle-aged and elderly individuals focus on economic stability. State-employed practitioners’ favour IES due to policy alignment, private-sector employees emphasize practicality, and the unemployed prioritize cost savings. Higher education and income levels correlate with greater IES awareness and support, whereas lower-income and less-educated groups focus on affordability. Summarizing the reasons for these significant differences is critical for IES providers to effectively design energy services that target the specific awareness and concerns of each group, improve residents’ acceptance for IES, and ultimately promote sustainable development.