Quantitative Tomography of Fossils Utilizing the TPS 31A Projection X-ray Microscopy and Transmission X-ray Microscopy Beamline at NSRRC

Abstract The TPS 31A PXM-TXM beamline, which utilizes the high flux wiggler source W100 at the TPS of NSRRC, has been constructed to support a broad range of scientific research through three projection X-ray microscopy (PXM) modes and one transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) mode. The high-X-ray-energy capabilities of the PXM modes — white-light mode, double W-Si/Si multilayer monochromator mode and double Si(111) crystal monochromator mode — allow for penetration depths of several centimeters, with energies reaching up to 50 keV. The spatial resolution of PXM modes is as fine as 1 μm, enabling detailed observation of microstructures. TXM mode provides a spatial resolution of 50 nm, facilitating the exploration on nanometer-scale structures. The large fields of view — several millimetres for PXM and 24 μm for TXM — enhance non-destructive imaging capabilities. Additionally, the excellent temporal resolution enables successful in operando tomography using the PXM modes. Energy-resolved elemental mapping and quantitative analysis of tomography are also feasible.