A Multi-Type Distributed Renewable Energy Aggregators Collaborative Operation Model Based on Non-Cooperative Game Theory

Abstract The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as distributed photovoltaics, wind power, and electric vehicles, into distribution networks is becoming increasingly prevalent. These resources are also being evaluated for participation in the electricity market as aggregators (AGs), aiming to trade electricity with distribution network operator or other AGs to optimize economic returns. In response to this development, this paper proposes a multi-AG trading architecture and model that integrates DERs. This framework enables various types of AGs to engage in electricity trading with distribution grid operator (DGO). Building on this foundation, the paper establishes a non-cooperative game model based on the specified architecture and rules, and presents the corresponding Nash equilibrium solution. A case study is conducted within the established multi-AG-DGO system, showcasing the Nash equilibrium solution results and the interest functions of the game participants. The proposed transaction mechanism and game model have significant practical implications, offering valuable insights for the formulation of equitable transaction modes and rules for distribution networks.