Analysis of Characteristics of wind climate in the North Indian Ocean

Abstract Based on the ERA-5 reanalysis data from 1994 to 2023, the typical distribution characteristics of wind regime in the North Indian Ocean in different seasons are analysed, and further EOF analysis and regression analysis of the wind field are carried out. The results show that the prevailing southwest monsoon in spring and summer is stronger than the northeasterly monsoon in autumn and winter. The wind speeds in the last 30 years show a decreasing trend as a whole. The strongest decreasing trend occurred in the Arabian Sea and the northern part of the Bay of Bengal. This is mainly caused by the decreasing trend in spring and summer wind speeds. The increasing trend occurred only in the eastern part of Somalia and part of the sea off Sumatra, which is mainly caused by the increasing trend in winter wind speeds.