Key technologies and practices for optimizing green building flexibility resources based on virtual power plants

Abstract This paper explores the optimization and enhancement of flexibility resources in green buildings and their interaction with the grid based on virtual power plants (VPPs). Focusing on three types of flexibility resources–distributed energy generation, energy storage systems, and adjustable loads, the study highlights the role of VPPs in integrating these resources within green buildings. Optimization models and methods are proposed to improve energy utilization efficiency and promote grid stability. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results show that VPP technology can effectively integrate flexibility resources in green buildings, optimize energy dispatch, and enhance grid interaction efficiency, providing new insights for building intelligent and efficient energy systems.