Target localization for multi-static sonobuoy systems based on differential evolution algorithm

Abstract In multi-static sonobuoy systems, Reflection Time Difference (RTD) information, which refers to the time difference between the direct signal from the transmitter received by the same receiver and the signal reflected by the target, can be used to establish a model for target localization. This study introduces the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm into multi-static sonobuoy systems for target localization. First, a localization model based on RTD information is established, followed by an analysis of the principles and implementation process of the DE algorithm. The localization performance of the DE algorithm under conditions of transmitter/receiver position measurement error, sound speed measurement error, and time delay measurement error is investigated through simulation experiments. The results show that, under various levels of measurement noise, the mean localization error of the DE algorithm is less than 200 m , and the root mean square (RMS) error of localization is less than 110 m , demonstrating good localization accuracy, stability, and strong robustness. This not only proves that the DE algorithm can be used for target localization in multi-static sonobuoy systems but also indicates its excellent localization performance, practical value, and development potential.