A New Paradigm of Corrections: Open Prisons and the Aims of Punishment Under the New Indonesian Criminal Code

Overcrowding in Indonesian correctional institutions is a chronic problem that has serious impacts on the effectiveness of prisoner development and human rights protection. This article aims to analyze overcrowding in relation to the implementation of the Open Correctional Institution (open prison) system and its relevance to the objectives of punishment as regulated in the new Criminal Code, namely Law Number 1 of 2023. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of punishment through open prisons is in line with the spirit of criminal law reform which emphasizes rehabilitative and restorative punishment. Open prisons are not only an alternative solution to the overcrowding crisis, but also a strategic means to realize the objectives of punishment in the new Criminal Code, including empowering perpetrators, resolving conflicts, and social reintegration. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, resources, and change the paradigm in law enforcement so that the open correctional system can be implemented optimally and sustainably in the Indonesian legal system.