Bird diversity at observation sites in the Province of Alto Amazonas, Loreto, Peru

The Peruvian Amazon is a vast region with an abundance of bird diversity that significantly contributes to ecosystem functioning, making it essential to understand the distribution of these birds. This study aimed to record and analyze bird diversity across various observation sites in the province of Alto Amazonas, Loreto, Peru, between October 2023 and October 2024. Surveys were conducted in nine representative localities using direct and observational methods, as well as playback techniques, supported by digital applications and specialized literature. A total of 157 bird species were identified, belonging to 23 orders and 46 families. Diversity analyses revealed that better-preserved sites, such as Mercedes, exhibited higher diversity and evenness (Shannon index up to 4.02 and Simpson index up to 0.97). In contrast, altered environments, such as the rice fields of La Florida, showed less species diversity but with an abundant population. Species fulfilling key ecological roles—such as pollinators, seed dispersers, and biological controllers—were recorded. Additionally, species of touristic interest, such as the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) and the horned screamer (Anhima cornuta), were identified. This study provides an essential foundation for future conservation efforts, environmental education, and regional ecotourism planning.