[Interpretation of the "Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hyperammonemia"].

This paper provides an interpretation of the "Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hyperammonemia" published in the May 2023 issue of the <i>Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics</i>. The interpretation focuses on key aspects such as the neurotoxicity of ammonia, classification of etiologies, diagnosis, nutritional management, and pharmacological treatment. The aim is to enhance awareness about ammonia testing and emphasize that treatment should not be delayed while awaiting etiological investigation, thereby advancing the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hyperammonemia.