Acute Coronary Syndrome in Women Under 45: The Overlooked Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young women remains under-researched despite increasing prevalence. This study aims to identify modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in women under 45 years old presenting with ACS.A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from December 2022 to December 2024 at the Cardiology Department of CHU Med VI, Marrakech. Female patients aged ≤45 admitted for ACS were included. Data on demographics, medical history, and CVRFs were collected and analyze. Among the study population, 97% had at least one modifiable CVRF. Diabetes was the most prevalent (83%, OR = 6.66), followed by dyslipidemia (55%), hypertension (34%), and obesity (24%). Only 17% were postmenopausal. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), hypothyroidism, and psychosocial factors were also observed. No patients reported smoking or a family history of cardiovascular disease. Concomitant presence of multiple risk factors was found in 66% of patients. Diabetes emerged as the most significant risk factor for ACS in young women, followed by dyslipidemia and hypertension. The coexistence of multiple modifiable risk factors significantly increases the risk of ACS. Early identification and management of these factors, alongside consideration of hormonal, inflammatory, and psychosocial influences, are essential for effective prevention strategies in this population.