Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Gastric Malignancy

Background: Gastric cancer is a common and deadly malignancy. Its development involves multiple factors, including dietary habits, genetic predisposition, and infections such as Helicobacter pylori. Understanding these contributors is crucial for prevention and treatment strategies. Objective: To evaluate the risk factors associated with the development of gastric malignancy. Methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted across all three surgical units of the general surgery ward at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh, from July 2010 to December 2011. A total of 75 consecutive cases of gastric malignancy were included, with consecutive exhaustive sampling used for selection. The study received approval from the hospital’s ethical committee. Data were analyzed using MS Office and statistical tools. Results: This study of 75 gastric cancer patients revealed that 68% were males aged 50-60 years, with 54.7% from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Blood group A predominated (52%), and 81% were smokers. Adenocarcinoma comprised 92% of cases. Alarmingly, 80% presented with inoperable disease, while only 20% underwent curative resection. Common symptoms included weight loss (68%), anorexia (84%), and abdominal pain (73.3%). These findings highlight late diagnosis patterns and significant risk factors in our population. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study suggests that age, sex, occupation, economic status, blood group, and smoking habits may significantly contribute to the risk of gastric malignancy in our population. However, a nationwide, large-scale study is necessary to validate these findings and establish definitive associations.