The Anatomo-Clinical Importance of the Branches of the Celiac Trunk

Purpose of the Study: Evaluation and classification of celiac trunk variants and assessment of their impact on visceral surgery. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 50 anatomical specimens, over a period of 5 years. The macroscopic dissection method was used. The data were statistically and mathematically processed, schematically and percentage grouped. The results obtained were centralized and compared with those existing in the studied bibliography. Results and Discussions: The complete celiac trunk appears in 81% of cases (90% in the literature), and the incomplete one in 19% of cases (10% in the literature). The complete celiac trunk can be trifurcated, bifurcated, or of common origin with the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). In the trifurcated artery, the left gastric artery (LGA), hepatic artery (HA) artery and the splenic artery (SA) have a common origin. The bifurcated celiac trunk first gives rise to AGS, after which it bifurcates into HA and SA. Left HA, doubled by right HA, originating from a hepato-mesenteric trunk (H-M), occurs in 4% of cases. Incomplete celiac trunks: i) hepato-splenic (H-S) and LGA directly from the aorta - 3%; ii) hepato-spleno-mesenteric (H-S-M) and LGA from a gastro-phrenic trunk – 1%; iii) gastro-splenic (G-S) and HA directly from the aorta – 5%; iv) G-S and HA from a H-M trunk – 3%; v) H-M for HA and LGA, and SA directly from the aorta - 2%; vi) gastro-hepatic (G-H) and SA from a common H-M trunk - 5%. Conclusions: The celiac trunk originates directly from the abdominal aorta -99% of cases and in 1% through a celiac-mesenteric trunk. The complete celiac trunk appears in 81% of cases, and the incomplete one in 19% of cases. The complete celiac trunk can be systematized into 4 distinct morphological categories, while the incomplete celiac trunk can be systematized into 3. The knowledge of the variants of origin of the celiac trunk is of both theoretical, anatomical and surgical importance, due to the vascularization of a vast territory, with complex medical-surgical pathology.