Encysted Pleural Effusion Managed Conservatively: A Case Report And Literature Review

Encysted pleural effusion (EPE) is a rare, complex condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural space, often associated with infectious etiologies such as pneumonia, empyema, and tuberculosis. Traditionally, the management of EPE has involved invasive procedures, including drainage and decortication. However, recent studies suggest that antibiotics, when appropriately tailored to the infectious etiology, may effectively resolve EPE without the need for intervention. This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of encysted pleural effusion caused by infections treated solely with antibiotics. We explore the role of broad-spectrum and targeted antimicrobial therapy based on culture and sensitivity results, as well as the clinical outcomes associated with this approach. In our manuscript we believe that antibiotic therapy can lead to significant improvements in fluid resolution and clinical recovery in selected patients, particularly those with uncomplicated bacterial infections. The article highlights the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial selection, and close monitoring of patients receiving antibiotic-only treatment. Further research is needed to determine the optimal antibiotic regimens and patient profiles most likely to benefit from non-invasive management of EPE caused by infection. Keywords : Encysted Pleural Effusion (EPE); Antibiotics; Conservative Management