A narrative overview of pharmacological activities of Eranda (Ricinus communis L.) beeja (seeds) and taila (oil): Ayurvedic and scientific perspectives

Abstract Eranda ( Ricinus communis L.) is one of the most widely used and readily available herb in the tropical and subtropical countries. Its nativity in India dates back to the Vedic period where we get references of Eranda mani dharana in Vedic literature. The Eranda beeja (seeds) and beeja taila (seed oil) are indicated for Vatavyadhi (diseases of Vata ), Grudhrasi (sciatica), Pakshaghata (hemiplagia), Kampavata (tremor), Arshas (hemorrhoids), Amavata (rheumatism), Shukravikara (vitiation of semen), Vrushya (eugenics/aphrodisiacs), Vayasthapaka (prolonging younger age), etc. However, only a few therapeutic activities have been evaluated for Eranda beeja and beeja taila. This review throws light on evidence-based research studies of pharmacological activities of Eranda beeja/beeja taila based on classical indications and identifies the research gaps in this regard. Electronic searches of the relevant full articles and abstracts from various databases were sought. Review studies, experimental studies, and clinical trials of Eranda beeja and beeja taila were included. It was found that very few preclinical and clinical research works have been carried out which can be corelated to Ayurvedic indications of Eranda beeja and beeja taila making it necessary to conduct most appropriate preclinical and clinical studies for all other promising classical Ayurvedic indications.