Correctness - determining factor in the activity of training of physical exercises

Actuality of the problem addressed. In physical activities, correctness is an expression of performance, whereby the instruction and training process is aligned with the requirements of development and technical perfection. In the system of modern physical and sports education, highlighting the elements of correctness starts from raising the scientific-methodical level of training and training programs, achieved by implementing fundamental scientific concepts and ideas about efficiency and quality, and continues with changing the way of treating the acquisition of study material by athletes within the bio-psycho-motor potential. Also, the tendency to increase the degree of efficiency in training and development requires changing the structure, content and volume of the study material, where new methodological approaches are needed, based on the most effective ways of training physical execution. Both for these considerations, as well as for other reasons, the idea of increasing the efficiency of the acquisition of motor actions by athletes is induced, highlighting the importance of the elements of correctness, which condition a greater degree of development and acquisition with a high efficiency of the technique execution of exercises, procedures and specific elements. Finally, it is found that the approach based on the elements of high correctness in performing motor actions becomes a primary condition in achieving the training objectives, and the correct course of movement activities can effectively contribute to the improvement of the teaching content by selecting the most effective forms, methods and means of training. The purpose of the study is to determine and apply the progressive forms of correctness in training the execution technique of physical exercises and increasing their efficiency. (The elements of correctness here represent the efficient regulatory mechanisms of execution, being subordinated to the programmed algorithmic prescriptions of the technique of performance). The objectives of the study reveal: 1. Generalization of documentary-factual materials that describe the situation in the field on the researched problem. 2. Establishing the contents and progressive forms of correctness and regulatory mechanisms in exercise from the point of view of the methodology of training physical exercises. 3. Argumentation of the methodology based on forms of high correctness by correcting the exercise action in the categorical context of the requirements of the exercise performance technique. The research methodology included: analysis and generalization of documentary materials and data, pedagogical observation, testing method, pedagogical experiment method, statistical-mathematical data processing. Within the research methodology, the fairness elements were based on: rigid and severe discipline; the selection of the most relevant principles of action; determining the anatomical-functional particularities of the movement; biomechanical and biokinematic analysis; the selection of optimal remedies in order to achieve separate objectives; appreciation of the mechanical characteristics of movement; establishing internal and external links to fulfill the motor chain of the movement; the athlete's ability to adapt and perform the motor actions expressed by the manifestation of different motor qualities; the motor content, the components of which reflect the biomechanical character of the movements and many other factors: perception, sensation and motor sense, the emotional side, volitional efforts, etc.; It is necessary to mention that at the basis of the methodology of the correct approach to the acquisition of different movements is the complex systemic-structural approach determined by the wide variety of specific forms, methods, didactic principles and other requirements, which complete the arsenal of regulatory mechanisms for effective physical development in the complex system of current physical and sports education. The experiment was carried out during three training lessons, with the exercises included in the program (exercises considered new and unusual according to the performance technique, carrying out the initial, intermediate and final evaluations, both at the beginning of the training hour, during the training hour, and and at the end of it), making specific notes on the 7 evaluation series to determine the degree of correctness in the manifestation of the technique of performing these exercises during the proposed training period. At the end of the experiment, the respective differences that characterize the various levels of training on the studied correctional series were established. Findings and results. The evaluation of the experimental results (according to the 10-point evaluation system) involved permanent checks of the correct acquisition of the technique of the proposed exercises during the training lessons. For the subjects in the experimental group, a series of recommendations/ indications were given, which aimed at the correct form of carrying out the chain of actions specific to the basic movement of the exercise, as a result of which the following results were found (in the example of the exercise: Performing decline push-ups on uneven elevated surfaces while touching the support point with the back of the head.Tabel 1. Average results when performing the exercise:Performing decline push-ups on uneven elevated surfaces while touching the support point with the back of the head(final stage)TableWhen assessing the level of mastery of the exercise technique: "Performing decline push-ups on uneven elevated surfaces while touching the support point with the back of the head", the results of the subjects of the experimental group record a pronounced superiority, especially in the last series of evaluations, where it is observed statistical differences of P < 0.01; < 0.001. It can be stated that the formulas for organizing the training process by applying elements of high correctness can be applied to various exercises with any degree of difficulty. Conclusions. 1. In order to acquire the physical exercises with high accuracy, it is necessary to intervene with the application of the recommendations related to the reality of the technique of performing the actual exercise. The correct learning of the technique can also take place through the biomechanical analysis of the exercise, computer learning, etc., but the most effective conviction in this regard is the approach of methodological indications. 2. The elements of correctness can contribute to the increase in the quality of performing the practice actions. They will establish the measures for urgent improvement of execution and effective achievement of results. 3. The effectiveness of the training activity depends on the correctness of the practice, which contributes to the formulation of decisions to continue the practice activity. For the effective practice of physical exercises, it is proposed to take into account the following recommendations: - the correctness elements must be selected with great rigor and be part of the same structural group and of the motor action performed; - the correct execution of the movement is obtained as a result of the training according to the programmed action schemes, these being elaborated preventively; - the correctness of performing the physical exercise is a component of the technique, by which the precision of the movement is increased, the rhythm is perfected, and the execution time of the action as a whole is reduced. Every athlete must achieve the real possible. It is requested that all the established requirements be respected, that the minimum necessary efforts be applied, the selection of the most effective structure of the exercise scheme, the differentiated and individual approach (resulting from the typical differences in memory, the abilities to acquire exercises, etc.). Thus, we conclude that the approach to the elements of correctness in the educational and training process can become the guarantor of the training of physical exercises with any degree of difficulty.