Theoretical and methodological foundations of training highly qualified female table tennis athletes based on optimal selection of training influences

The relevance: Table tennis is a complex analytical sport with versatile techniques, a variety of specific solutions, which has long outgrown the period of mass enthusiasm. To achieve sports results by athletes, general physical, special and psychological training is now necessary. Modern requirements for the level of special, technical, tactical and physical fitness of female athletes, for the entire system of their training are extremely high. In this regard, the importance of specialized factors of sports training of female table tennis players increases significantly. In the long-term training of highly qualified female table tennis players, a number of important stages are investigated, which in their structure have specific tasks and a meaningful focus on their implementation. Tendencies in the development of high-performance sport currently require a systematic improvement of the scientific, theoretical and technological foundations of long-term sports training. However, the lack of fundamental scientific developments that provide coaches and specialists with new scientific knowledge and technological innovations are of insufficiently progressive importance in table tennis. In this regard, the scientific problem of the theoretical and experimental search for the features of the systemic organization of long-term specialized training of table tennis players, in which modern approaches to their necessary sports and technical improvement are leading, is relevant. Based on the great practical coaching experience with the female contingent in table tennis, as well as on scientific achievements in pedagogy of sports, we have formulated the following scientific categorical apparatus. The purpose of the research: to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations for the training of highly qualified female table tennis athletes based on optimal selection of training influences. Research objectives: 1. To study the modern aspects of the development of table tennis, the system of the training process of highly qualified female table tennis athletes, the nature and structural forms of long-term training. 2. To scientifically substantiate the main directions of a systematic approach to the long-term training process in table tennis. 3. To study the state of morphological characteristics of female table tennis players, intellectual potential, the state of psychomotor abilities, technical readiness of female table tennis players in long-term of sports improvement. 4. To form directed game movements of highly qualified female table tennis players for their successful competitive rivalry. 5. To develop an experimental training Program for the training of highly qualified female table tennis athletes based on optimal selection of training effects. 6. To experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the Training Program for the training of highly qualified female table tennis athletes based on optimal selection of training effects. Scientific novelty and originality of the research: 1. A new scientific direction was developed within the framework of pedagogy of sports: theoretical and methodological substantiation of the training of highly qualified female table tennis athletes based on optimal selection of training influences. 2. A scientific concept of training highly qualified female table tennis athletes was developed and substantiated, which includes a system of psychological, physical and pedagogical factors, as well as a system of methodological foundations: principles, macrocycles, forms and stages of training female athletes and mechanisms of training influences. 3. Theoretically substantiated and implemented in practice a systematic approach to the selection of training effects, including the relationship of various mechanisms, forms and methods, depending on individual characteristics and individual rhythm, the dynamics of mastering the technical and tactical skills of table tennis, which in turn acts as the basis and criterion for optimal selection of training effects. 4. For the first time in theory and practice, the method of game movements was substantiated and applied, accompanied by a complex of musical compositions and considered as an effective means of developing coordination and motor abilities in female athletes. 5. A model of annual macrocycles and a structure for constructing periods of the training process was developed, which includes all types of technical, tactical and psychological training of high-class female table tennis players. Implementation of scientific research results. Theoretical and practical results of the research were presented at international and national scientific conferences, congresses in the field of physical culture and sport. Published in a number of scientific articles, monographs, as well as introduced into the sports - educational and training process of sports schools and table tennis departments in the Republic of Moldova, professional table tennis clubs in Spain, Germany, Turkey, in the Sports Lyceum "Nicolae Rotaru" and the Center for the Olympic Training in table tennis in Constanta (Romania), as well as in the training process of the Table Tennis Federation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the training programs of the Faculty of Sport and the Department for Advanced Training of Sports Workers and Coaches of the State University of Physical Education and Sport of the Republic of Moldova. Conclusions: 1. Table tennis as an "object" of research in the system of theory and practice of pedagogy of sport occupies a modest place. So far, the scientific concept of training high-level female table tennis players through the optimal selection of training influences has not been developed. Known studies of this problem are mainly devoted to certain aspects of the organization and conduct of the table tennis training process. In this regard, we have theoretically studied various factors that predetermine the development of table tennis: social (in part), psychological, physical, general pedagogical and methodological, which acted as conceptual prerequisites for developing our approach to training high-class female table tennis players through the optimal selection of training influences. Therefore, this approach should be based on modern theories and knowledge about the structural, content and procedural aspects of the training of highly qualified female table tennis players, and first of all about the patterns of the functional-motor development of female athletes, the patterns of mutual influence and the relationship of psychological, physical, pedagogical and methodological factors, which in many respects predetermines the optimality of training influences. 2. The developed and substantiated theoretical foundations for the training of high-class female table tennis players through the optimal selection of training effects constitute the basic component of our approach and predetermine its methodological and procedural components. Thus, the concept of training high-level female table tennis players through the optimal selection of training influences includes theoretical and methodological foundations, derived and formed in accordance with the relationship of psychological, physical, pedagogical and methodological factors. 3. The classification and structuring of the mechanisms of training effects open up wide opportunities for creativity and variable organization of the training of high-level female table tennis players. Thus, in the individual game sports training of female table tennis players, the leading factor of success is their technical and tactical skills, which are supported by other significant factors of the training process: features of the formation of game movements; development and control of general motor, intellectual, psychomotor, coordination and sports and technical abilities. 4. In order to train highly qualified female table tennis athletes, the entire training process from the first to the eighth stage must be provided with the use of general, special and specialized training tools that allow you to effectively master the technique and tactics of the game, subsequently realizing high sporting excellence at the most prestigious international competitive levels. 5. Conducted scientific studies indicated that the introduction of innovative means and methods of sports training into the structure and content of the training process already at the first 4-year macrocycle contributes to the optimal age-related progression of sports results, mastery and the growth of qualifying achievements among female table tennis players from the Republic of Moldova. 6. An original method of the training process was developed, based on optimal selection of training effects in the process of long-term training of high-class female table tennis players. 7. Theoretical and applied results can act as interdisciplinary knowledge and are transferred through adaptation for the training of high-class female athletes in other sports games. Recommendations. 1. Step-by-step training from a beginner to a high-class athlete in the long -term training process of female table tennis players should become a single preparatory system, the main goal of which is the health of a female athlete and her sports results. 2. In improving the long-term planning of the training process, taking into account the age characteristics of female table tennis players, both in terms of the main and interconnected structural blocks, and in terms of sports qualification, the system of distribution of the training program by years, stages and weekly microcycles is extremely important. 3. On the basis of this study, it is possible to design a targeted, system-forming program of long-term sports training of female table tennis athletes, for all interested sports organizations in table tennis in the Republic of Moldova, with the obligatory holding of methodological seminars for the coa