The evolution of mobile cybersecurity regulations in the European Union

Abstract The increasing reliance on mobile technologies has heightened concerns about cybersecurity risks, prompting regulatory interventions at the European Union (EU) level. This research investigates EU mobile cybersecurity regulatory changes through the evaluation of new laws and policies. We evaluate the Cybersecurity Act, NIS2 Directive, and the Cyber Resilience Act to determine their effects on mobile device security, industry compliance, and user protection. The research investigates public–private partnerships together with standardization initiatives and international security collaboration to build stronger cybersecurity systems. We applied latent Dirichlet allocation to analyze EU cybersecurity discourse through topic modeling of scholarly articles. Our analysis of 40 peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science database revealed primary research directions in EU cybersecurity through thematic cluster identification. The study reveals essential research areas that show both the alignment and discrepancies between academic theories and current regulatory developments. The method delivers a significant understanding of how cybersecurity issues are presented in academic publications and their connection to present-day policy debates. This research unites legal analysis with technical aspects and economic considerations to demonstrate both progress and remaining obstacles in developing a strong mobile cybersecurity environment. The research findings help shape current discussions about regulatory success and supply recommendations to policymakers together with industry stakeholders and security practitioners working in this evolving field.