Specification Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of Green Distribution Transformers with Amorphous Iron Cores and Natural Ester Oil for Sustainable Power Systems

The initiatives for renewables and energy efficiency necessitates upgrading the design of distribution transformers, which still rely on petroleum-based mineral oil and contribute significantly to network losses. This research focuses on the design, development, and testing of a novel green distribution transformer. Green distribution transformers are defined as transformers that utilize environmentally friendly natural ester insulation oil and high-energy-efficiency amorphous iron cores. The design of the transformer is determined based on key characteristics and appropriate technical specifications and construction requirements, including the setting of new, very low no-load loss and load loss limit values. The prototype was developed and rigorously tested to assess its compliance with technical standards and evaluate its performance. The results demonstrate that the green distribution transformer meets the required specifications and exhibits significantly lower losses. A comprehensive economic analysis using total cost of ownership, considering the initial cost and operating costs, reveals that the green distribution transformer offers a lower total cost of ownership over its lifetime compared to conventional transformers. These findings highlight the potential of green distribution transformers to contribute to a more sustainable and efficient power grid.