Intelligent PLC Code Generation in HCPS 2.0: A Multi-dimensional Taxonomy and Evolutionary Framework

The manufacturing industry is accelerating towards the New-Generation Intelligent Manufacturing, where the automatic generation of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) code serves as a key technology, crucial for enhancing the intelligence and efficiency of manufacturing systems. Traditional manual programming has become increasingly inadequate to meet the demands for flexibility and real-time performance in intelligent manufacturing. This paper reviews the integration of intelligent manufacturing and PLC technologies, highlighting the core role of Human-Cyber-Physical Systems (HCPS) and demonstrating how it effectively guides theoretical research and engineering practices in new-generation intelligent manufacturing. We innovatively classify automatic PLC code generation methods through multiple dimensions and propose a new framework for Structured Text (ST) code generation. Finally, this paper discusses future trends in controller code generation, identifying multimodal-driven intelligent generation, adaptive learning and real-time optimization, and cloud-edge collaborative intelligent generation as significant directions, forming a technical roadmap of "parallel promotion and integrated development" to support comprehensive intelligent transformation and upgrading of manufacturing.