Responsibility dynamics in open science: exploring researchers’ framing of ethical considerations in policy implementation

Abstract This study explores the responsibility framings researchers adopt when implementing Open Science (OS) policies, focusing on how responsibility dynamics are integrated into research practice. Three key responsibility framings emerged: internal orientation to responsibility (individual ethics), external orientation to socially/societally responsible science (social and societal ethics), and external orientation to shared, collective responsibility (collective ethics). These framings influence OS policy implementation, highlighting researchers’ roles in navigating ethical challenges and shaping OS practices. The first framing emphasizes personal ethics and reflection on OS policies, the second stresses the societal impact of research, and the third underscores the need for collective governance. This study contributes to understanding responsibility in science by presenting a dynamic, proactive view of responsibility, where researchers actively engage, challenge, and shape policies. It offers policy recommendations for adaptive OS frameworks, critical reflection on ethical challenges, and inclusive governance involving diverse stakeholders to foster responsible Open Science.