DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND MODERN THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES: STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING DISEASE PROGRESSION

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and is among the leading causes of visual loss and avoidable blindness in adults of working age worldwide.The aim of this study is to develop a study of diabetic retinopathy and modern therapeutic approaches, identifying the main strategies for preventing and controlling the progression of the disease.The methodological approach adopted in the study was a literature review, using databases of scientific articles that contributed to the theoretical basis of the work.The results indicate that progress in ocular therapy has brought new possibilities with the use of anti-VEGF agents, intravitreal corticosteroids and, more recently, with the introduction of gene therapies and nanotechnology-based treatments, which have broadened the prospects for safer, longer-lasting interventions with fewer side effects.The conclusion is that tackling diabetic retinopathy requires a comprehensive approach involving prevention, early diagnosis, therapeutic innovation and public health policies aimed at the comprehensive care of people with diabetes.By joining forces between health professionals, researchers and public managers, it is possible to considerably reduce the visual and socio-economic burden imposed by this serious complication of diabetes.