Design of Compact and Quad Band Gap Coupled Ring‐Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for <scp>WLAN</scp>/<scp>ISM</scp>/<scp>WiMAX</scp>/<scp>5G</scp> Applications

ABSTRACT In this paper, a gap coupled ring‐shape multi‐band antenna of quad‐band characteristics has been designed. The geometry of the proposed gap coupled ring‐shape antenna is obtained by loading two horizontal and six vertical strips of the same width and the same gap. The quad band characteristic of the proposed antenna is obtained at frequencies 2.48, 3.85, 5.14, and 5.61 GHz. The quad band lies within frequency ranges 2.34–2.59 GHz (first band), 3.56–4.06 GHz (second band), 5.09–5.21 GHz (third band) and 5.47–5.96 GHz (fourth band). The second and fourth bands of the antenna arise due to outer vertical strips, while the first and third bands of the antenna are due to middle and inner vertical strips, respectively. The return loss of −17.31, −29.18, −18.40, and − 19.19 dB is obtained at frequencies 2.48, 3.85, 5.14, and 5.61 GHz, respectively. Additionally, a parametric analysis is also conducted to enhance the performance of the proposed gap coupled antenna. To validate the geometry of the proposed antenna, experimental measurement is performed with the prototype antenna. The first band (2.34–2.59 GHz) of the antenna covers WLAN, ISM band, and WiMAX; the second band (3.56–4.06 GHz) of the antenna covers 5G; the third band (5.09–5.21 GHz) of the antenna covers WLAN; and the fourth band (5.47–5.96 GHz) of the antenna covers WiMAX and WLAN applications. The proposed quad band antenna is a cost‐effective and efficient solution for multi‐band communication devices. It eliminates the need for multiple antennas and lowers hardware costs.