A Comprehensive Study on Diversity of Aquatic Beetles (Coleoptera) in Relation with Vegetation and Water Quality around Eco Park Area, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Aquatic beetles, which are freshwater insects, have a crucial impact on multiple biological processes in aquatic environments. The objective of this study was to record and examine the range of aquatic beetles in correlation with vegetation and water quality parameters such as pH levels, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved oxygen (DO). The study took place between April 2023 and March 2024 within the Eco Park region of Kolkata, a short distance from the East Kolkata Wetland. 9 species of aquatic beetles belonging to three families (Noteridae, Dytiscidae, and Hydrophilidae) from the order Coleoptera were identified through collections. These species were linked to a restricted range of flora, which included 5 species grouped into 5 families out of the 49 plant species found in the study area. It is worth mentioning that the highest level of species richness was seen at a water pH of 7, and it decreased dramatically at a pH of 11. Among the families that were identified, Hydrophilidae showed the greatest variety, with Sternolophus inconspicuous being the most prevalent species. The study emphasizes the need to maintain ideal pH levels in aquatic environments to promote species diversity and ecological well-being.