Public Awareness and Perceptions of Gout Risk and Prevention in Northern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gout is a prevalent noncommunicable inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals, primarily due to hyperuricemia. If left untreated, it can lead to chronic joint damage and systemic complications. Public awareness and perception of its risk and preventive factors are essential for early diagnosis, effective management, and disease prevention. Objectives: To assess the awareness and perception of risk and preventive factors related to gout among the adult population in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2024, to January 31, 2025, targeting adults aged 18 years and older residing in Arar. Data were collected via a validated, bilingual (Arabic-English) structured questionnaire disseminated online through social media platforms. The survey covered sociodemographic data, knowledge of risk factors, and preventive measures. Convenience sampling was used. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS Version 27. Results: A total of 400 participants responded (mean age: 36.4 ± 12.7 years; 52.5% male). Among them, 67.2% recognized high blood uric acid as the primary cause of gout, and 80.2% identified excessive meat consumption as a key risk factor. Preventive awareness was high, with 91% agreeing that gout is preventable, primarily through lifestyle modification (87.2%) and medication use (82.5%). However, knowledge gaps persisted regarding hereditary factors, comorbidities, and less commonly known dietary influences. Conclusion: While the general public in Arar city demonstrates a fair level of awareness about gout and its modifiable risk factors, significant misconceptions and knowledge deficiencies remain especially regarding genetic predisposition and long-term complications. Targeted health education interventions and culturally tailored public awareness campaigns are recommended to improve understanding and preventive behaviors.