Dentists’ Knowledge, Usage and Barriers to Computer-Assisted Technologies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Background: Computer-assisted technologies such as CAD/CAM systems, 3D imaging and robotic-assisted surgery are reshaping oral and maxillofacial surgical practices by enhancing diagnostic precision, treatment planning and procedural outcomes. Despite these advancements, their adoption among dentists remains inconsistent. This study assessed the knowledge, usage patterns and barriers to the implementation of such technologies among dentists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November and December 2024 using a validated, self-administered online questionnaire. A total of 422 licensed dentists across Saudi Arabia participated. The survey assessed demographics, awareness, usage, perceived benefits, barriers and training needs related to computer-assisted technologies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and multivariate regression (p<0.05). Results: Awareness was high for CAD/CAM systems (91.3%) and surgical navigation tools (85.1%), yet practical usage was notably lower-only 41.2% and 56.4%, respectively, reported using these technologies. Robotic-assisted surgery had the highest usage rate (78.7%). Key barriers included high equipment costs (44.5%), lack of adequate training (22.7%) and limited institutional support (12.1%). Knowledge and adoption rates were significantly higher among prosthodontists, orthodontists and private practitioners, while female dentists and those working in government hospitals reported lower adoption. Conclusion: A clear gap exists between awareness and practical application of advanced dental technologies, primarily due to financial, educational and infrastructural constraints. To bridge this gap, it is recommended that digital dentistry be fully integrated into undergraduate curricula and continuing professional development programs. Institutions should enhance training accessibility and provide funding or subsidies to support technology adoption. These measures are critical for aligning clinical practice with the innovation goals outlined in Saudi Vision 2030.