Posterior Mediastinal Neuroblastoma in Children: An Unusual Location

Neuroblastoma is the most common neurogenic tumor in children, primarily affecting those under 5 years old. It often arises from immature neural crest cells, commonly in the adrenal medulla, but can also occur in the posterior mediastinum. A 4-year-old child presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and a right apical opacity on chest X-ray. CT revealed a lesion in the right posterior-superior mediastinum, confirmed as neuroblastoma upon pathological examination. The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy but passed away before surgery. Neuroblastoma is highly heterogeneous, with varied symptoms based on age and tumor location. Imaging is crucial for diagnosis and assessing tumor extent. Posterior mediastinal neuroblastoma is rare in children, presenting diagnostic challenges. Imaging aids detection, while histological analysis confirms the diagnosis